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Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States

Preamble: Recognizing the equal sovereignty and independence of all States, Reaffirming the principles of the United Nations Charter and international law, Acknowledging the rights and duties of States in maintaining peace, security, and cooperation, Seeking to promote mutual respect and understanding among all States,

Hereby adopts the following Declaration on Rights and Duties of States:

Article 1: Sovereignty

1. Every State possesses inherent and equal sovereignty.
2. States have the right to exercise exclusive control and authority over their territory, including natural resources and airspace.
3. States shall respect the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of other States.
4. No State shall interfere in the internal affairs of another State.

Article 2: Peaceful Settlement of Disputes

1. States shall resolve their disputes peacefully, through negotiation, mediation, or other peaceful means in accordance with international law.
2. States shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State.

Article 3: Non-Intervention

1. States shall refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of other States.
2. States shall respect the right of every State to choose its own political, economic, and social system without external interference.

Article 4: Human Rights

1. States shall promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms within their territories in accordance with international law.
2. States shall cooperate with international organizations and other States to address human rights violations.

Article 5: Self-Determination

1. States shall respect the right of all peoples to self-determination, in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter.
2. States shall promote the peaceful exercise of self-determination and support the resolution of self-determination disputes through peaceful means.

Article 6: Cooperation

1. States shall promote and engage in international cooperation to address global challenges, including poverty, hunger, climate change, and terrorism.
2. States shall promote the peaceful resolution of disputes and the development of friendly relations among nations.

Article 7: Obligation to Fulfill Treaties

1. States shall fulfill in good faith their obligations under international treaties and agreements to which they are parties.
2. States shall refrain from acts that would impair the fulfillment of treaty obligations.

Article 8: State Responsibility

1. States shall be held responsible for internationally wrongful acts in accordance with international law.
2. States shall provide reparations or appropriate remedies for any injury caused by their internationally wrongful acts.

Article 9: Regional and International Organizations

1. States shall cooperate with regional and international organizations to promote peace, security, and cooperation.
2. States shall respect the decisions and resolutions of regional and international organizations to which they belong.

Article 10: Respect for International Law

1. States shall respect and abide by international law in their relations with other States.
2. States shall contribute to the development and progressive codification of international law.

Conclusion: This Declaration reaffirms the principles of the United Nations Charter and international law, emphasizing the rights and duties of States in maintaining peace, security, and cooperation. It aims to promote mutual respect, understanding, and adherence to the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention, peaceful settlement of disputes, and human rights. It calls upon all States to fulfill their obligations under international law and to work together for the common good of humanity

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