Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty that was adopted during the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is often referred to as the Rio Convention or the Biodiversity Convention. The CBD is a legally binding agreement that aims to promote the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.
Key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity include:
- Conservation of biological diversity: The CBD emphasizes the conservation of ecosystems, species, and genetic resources, recognizing their fundamental value to human well-being.
- Sustainable use of biological resources: The CBD promotes the sustainable use of biodiversity, ensuring that it is utilized in a way that maintains its long-term availability and benefits both present and future generations.
- Fair and equitable benefit sharing: The CBD recognizes the sovereign rights of nations over their own biological resources and aims to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilization of genetic resources, particularly those of developing countries.
The CBD consists of several articles that outline specific commitments and obligations for its parties. These include measures such as the establishment of protected areas, the integration of conservation and sustainable use principles into national policies, the promotion of scientific research and technological cooperation, and the provision of financial resources to support developing countries’ efforts in biodiversity conservation.
The Convention on Biological Diversity has been ratified by almost all countries in the world, making it one of the most widely accepted international environmental agreements. It provides a framework for countries to work together and take collective action to address the global challenges related to biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and the unsustainable use of natural resources.
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