1972-79: pak- India relation towards improvement
From 1972 to 1979, the relations between Pakistan and India experienced some significant developments. The period began with the signing of the Simla Agreement in 1972, which aimed to resolve the conflict between the two countries following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
The Simla Agreement, signed by the then-Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan, Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, respectively, established the principles for peaceful bilateral relations. The agreement emphasized the resolution of disputes through peaceful means, bilateral talks, and the promotion of mutual cooperation.
One of the key outcomes of the Simla Agreement was the establishment of the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir, which became the de facto border between the two countries. This helped in reducing tensions and creating a more stable environment in the region.
In 1977, a significant political change occurred in Pakistan with the military coup led by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, which overthrew the civilian government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. This event had implications for Pakistan’s foreign policy, including its relationship with India.
During this period, there were attempts to improve bilateral relations, including the resumption of diplomatic ties and the exchange of high-level visits between the two countries. In 1978, Indian Prime Minister Morarji Desai visited Pakistan, and in return, General Zia-ul-Haq visited India in 1980. These visits provided opportunities for dialogue and discussions on various issues.
However, despite the diplomatic initiatives, the overall relationship between Pakistan and India during this period remained strained. The issues of Jammu and Kashmir, cross-border terrorism, and water disputes continued to be sources of tension between the two countries.
It is important to note that the improvement of relations between Pakistan and India during this period was gradual and faced numerous challenges. The process of building trust and resolving long-standing disputes requires sustained efforts and cooperation from both sides