The term “Cognizance of offences by High Court” refers to the power of a High Court to take judicial notice of criminal offenses and initiate legal proceedings against the accused.
In the criminal justice system, the process typically starts with the registration of a First Information Report (FIR) at a police station. The police then conduct an investigation and submit a report to the appropriate court, usually a lower court like a Magistrate Court. The Magistrate Court reviews the report and decides whether there is enough evidence to proceed with the case. If the Magistrate Court finds a prima facie case, it can take cognizance of the offense and initiate criminal proceedings.
However, there are certain circumstances where a High Court can directly take cognizance of offenses without waiting for the lower courts. These circumstances include:
- Cases involving grave offenses: The High Court may take cognizance of serious offenses such as murder, rape, kidnapping, or offenses that have a significant impact on society.
- Cases involving public officials: If the offense involves a public official or a person holding a high position, the High Court may take cognizance to ensure impartiality and fair trial.
- Writ jurisdiction: The High Court, under its writ jurisdiction, can take cognizance of offenses that involve violation of fundamental rights or matters of public interest.
- Appeals and revisions: The High Court has the power to hear appeals against the judgments of lower courts. If the High Court finds that there are grounds for interference or revision, it can take cognizance of the offense and proceed accordingly.
It’s important to note that the specific laws and procedures may vary across jurisdictions. The power of the High Court to take cognizance of offenses is derived from the relevant laws and the constitutional provisions of the country in question.